On successful completion of this subject, students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate a familiarity with a range of instrumental analytical techniques that are relevant to forensic and environmental investigations.
2. Describe the underlying chemical principles of chromatography including the basic theory and practical applications.
3. Show an understanding of instrumental analysis, the factors which govern its application in real-world situations and the limitations and interferences of specific techniques.
4. Explain how presumptive tests are used in forensic and environmental analyses.
5. Discuss the concepts in designing experiments for analysing forensic, environmental and food samples including principles of sampling and sample preparation.
6. Conduct instrumental investigations to determine concentrations of specific analytes relevant to either a forensic or environmental analysis.
7. Perform result analysis of experimental data including error calculation by applying relevant statistics. analyse and graph data and draw appropriate conclusions from data.
8. Record and communicate the results of their investigations demonstrating awareness of the conventions of scientific writing and graphical presentations.

1. Introduction to instrumental analysis - comparison with wet chemical methods
2. Basic principles of chromatography - high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography
3. Experimental design, sampling, sampling techniques, sample preparation
4. Atomic spectroscopy - atomic absorption, atomic emission, ICP
5. Spectroscopic techniques - UV/visible, IR spectroscopy
6. Mass spectrometry
7. Statistical methods relevant to linear regression based analytical methods
8. Presumptive testing