This subject examines research and contemporary classroom practice relevant to the cognitive, physiological, and social/affective needs of adolescents to highlight the reciprocal effects that teaching has on adolescence and how in turn adolescence affects teaching practice. Emphasis is placed on the use of evidenced-based literature in examining adolescent-centred challenges to teaching and learning. Topics addressed include definitions of adolescence past, present and future, biological and cognitive milestones of adolescence, adolescents at-risk, secondary schooling fostering educational and general resilience in adolescents, and helping adolescents thrive.