On successful completion of this subject, students should be able to:

1. discuss basic pharmacological concepts and ethical and legal requirements of pharmacotherapy in health settings
2. explain the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
3. describe major types of drugs in each drug category
4. explain the mechanism of actions, adverse reactions and clinical applications of each drug category
5. describe the structure, function, classification, growth of microorganisms and their roles in health and disease
6. explain the principles of immunological response to infections and apply microbiology theory to the infection control
7. explain the principles of drug interactions and toxicity
8. discuss the clinical implications of drug usage and its impact on clinical practice

1. Introduction to pharmacology
- drug nomenclature and Classification
- drug formulations and administration
- drug development, evaluation and safety
- legal and Ethical Issues relating to pharmacotherapy
2. Pharmacokinetics
- drug absorption, Distribution, metabolism and Excretion
3. Pharmacodynamics
- mechanisms of drug action
4. Drug affecting central nervous system
- drugs used for anxiety and Depression
- Drugs used for Parkinson's disease
- Anticonvulsants, antispasmotics and muscle relaxants
- drugs used for multiple Sclerosis
5. Drugs affecting peripheral nervous system
- drugs affecting adrenergic transmission
- drugs affecting cholinergic transmission
- drugs affecting Neuromuscular transmission
6. Drugs affecting cardiovascular system
- Thrombolytic and anticoagulant drugs
- Lipid lowering drugs
- drugs used in angina
- Antiarrhythmic drugs
- Antihypertensive drugs
7. Drugs affecting respiratory system
- drugs used for Asthma
- drugs used for COPD and emphysema
- drug used for Cough
8. Drugs used for diabetes
- Hypoglycaemic drugs
- insulin
- treatment of diabetic neuropathy
9. Drugs affecting gastrointestinal system
- drugs used for peptic ulcer disease
- drugs used for Constipation and Diarrhoea
- drugs used for nausea and Vomiting
10. Drugs affecting urinary system
- Diuretics
- drugs for Urinary incontinence
11. Drugs for pain and inflammation
- Opioids
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
- Corticosteroids and antirheumatic drugs
12. Antimicrobial drugs and infection control
- introduction to microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Mycology
- Virology
- infection, spread of infection and infection control
- mechanism of action of antimicrobial chemotherapy
- antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs
- Antiviral drugs
13. Drug interactions and toxicity
- mechanisms of drug toxicity
- principles of drug interactions
14. Clinical implications of drug usage (including children and the elderly) on clinical practice of physiotherapy, podiatry and TCM