On successful completion of this subject, students should be able to:

1. Explain the causes, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations of Liver, Kidney, Blood and Body Fluid and Haemorrhagic diseases and syndromes.
2. Conduct a clinical examination including inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, and palpation in order to arrive at accurate diagnoses of specific diseases.
3. Analyse symptoms and signs, and apply pattern differentiation to arrive at a TCM diagnosis.
4. Design and prescribe appropriate treatment, including acupuncture and/or herbs and/or dietary/lifestyle change, for a range of common diseases covered in this Unit.
5. Analyse and examine practice protocols in TCM compared to orthodox medicine correspondence to Liver, Kidney, Blood and Body Fluid and Haemorrhagic diseases and syndromes.

1. Diseases and syndromes of Liver system (TCM)
- Dizziness (Meniere's disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis, hypertensive encephalopathy, anaemia)
- Hypochondriac pain (disorders of The liver and gallbladder, intercostal neuralgia)
- Jaundice (hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis)
- Abdominal distension (ascites, tumours of The Abdominal cavity, tuberculous peritonitis)
2. Diseases and syndromes of Kidney system (TCM)
- Stranguria syndrome (Urinary tract infections, Urinary stones, prostatitis, chyluria)
- Oliguria and anuria (contraction of bladder sphincter, prostatic hyperplasia, kidney failure)
- Seminal emission (neurasthenia, prostatitis, Seminal vesiculitis)
- Impotence (sexual disorders, sexual neurasthenia)
- Oedema (cardiogenic Oedema, renalgenic Oedema, hypoproteinemia, severe anaemia)
3. Diseases and syndromes of Qi, Blood and Body Fluid (TCM)
- Endogenous fever (Functional low fever, hematopathy, desmosis, endocrinopathy, some chronic infectious diseases)
- Sweating syndrome (vegetative nerves Functional disturbance, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, hyperthyroidism)
- Wasting and thirsting syndrome (diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus)
- stagnation and Accumulation (Abdominal tumours, enlargement of The liver and spleen, Functional gastrointestinal disturbances)
- Deficient debility (various chronic and consumptive diseases)
4. Blood, Body Fluid and Hemorrhagic diseases and syndromes (TCM)
- Epistaxis (rhinitis, influenza, nasal carcinoma)
- Hemoptysis (bronchiectasis, bronchitis, pneumonia, Lung cancer)
- Hematemesis (haemorrhage of Upper Digestive tract, esophagitis)
- Hemafecia (peptic ulcer, hepatocirrhosis, Stomach cancer, colon cancer)
- Hematuria (nephritis, renal tuberculosis, Urinary cancer, some cases of Urinary stones and infection)
- Review of acupuncture points, prescriptions, individual herbs and formulas relevant to The above topics.